Chapter 2
Person to Person
Mitsunari’s
Sawayama Castle was located in the Biwa Lake territory. I know this from
reading about it but I haven’t really been there before. For some years now,
each time I pass by Hikone I usually think “Sawayama should be around here
somewhere,” and I look for it through the train’s window. That being said, there
is a great view out to the east of Biwa lake behind Hikone Castle and a lot of
the time I forget to even look for Sawayama. Sawayama is surrounded by pines
and other types of small trees. Also, the train skims along the mountain meaning
that Sawayama is in the opposite direction to the Hikone castle. Whenever I
remember this, I usually turn to look and the train has already passed it. But
once I began to write this manuscript I decided I really should actually see
Sawayama castle.
I set
out from Gifu prefecture, passed through Ōgaki city, and got off at Sekigahara
station. I stopped for a breather at the ancient battlefield and then via the
Meishin Expressway which now skirts around its perimeter, made my way into the
gorge near the Shiga prefecture border. From there I made it to the planes in
Ōmie.
Keep
making your way right, and eventually you will pass through Hikone. And then
finally, to Sawayama.
Including
the areas where the Tōkaidō line currently runs, Biwa lake formed a sort of
gulf all the way up to the hem of the mountain. This mountain stood peacefully
towering up into the heavens.
“So,
this is Sawayama,” I thought as I tilted my head skyward. It had a sleek,
spindle-shaped peak. Also, the surrounding peaks were rather short.
“This
will bring us to the rear gate,” explained the person who was showing me around
as they pointed with their parasol. Basically, if you are approaching on the
Tōkaidō line, this mountain lies behind the castle. Ōte-mon gate is on old
Nakasendo road in Toriimoto.
The
castle stood on the mountain’s peak at around 150 meters above sea level. In
Mitsunari’s day, it stood with a tall central tower 5 floors high. You can see
how large it was by looking at old illustrations of it. The height of the stone
walls which supported it stood 15 feet tall.
There
is an old text which talks about the height of the castle, saying, “The
Shachihoko1 is at a height such that one might not see it on a
cloudy day.”
The
castle walls were arranged with the Honmaru2 in the center followed
by the Ninomaru2, Taikonomaru2, Kanenomaru2,
Hokkemaru2, Minodonomaru2, Koshiguruwa2, etc.
per a European style of fortification. Near Ōte-mon gate and Karate-mon gate
used to be many estates for samurai, but now there is nothing more than countryside.
Near
Karate-mon gate is and inlet which trickles with water, and on the other side
of that, a large river. In the space between is a 100-ken3 long
bridge. Thus, since “one hundred” in Japanese is “hyaku,” and “bridge” is
“hashi,” the name of the bridge became “Hyakuken-bashi”. Actually, the bridge
is a little longer than 100 ken. It is roughly 200 meters.
In
Toyotomi’s day, this castle was very famous. A haiku from that time reads:
For
Mitsunari
It
seems there are two things which
Are
too good for him
One
of them being Sakon
Also,
his castle
There
is also a surviving nursery rhyme from the Ōmie region. Children might have
sung it while bouncing a ball. The image comes to mind of a young girl of the
village drawing the eyes of those around her while she hums the song with the
castle floating high above her in the background.
(Translation
not as lyrical)
I am merely a villager, but to Sawayama I
can see.
The golden family crest, and moats
upon moats. Quite an impressive site.
One feels the magnitude of the
castle as one enters its gate. The curve of its sloping roofs bend at such an
angle. Quite an impressive site.
Quiet a castle, and impressive
castle, surrounded by its flower-adorned moats. Oh the flowers of these moats.
Such
was the castle Mitsunari built. His rank was not very high. He held a mere 194
thousand koku. His castle was slightly above his means. Why did he need such a
castle, and why did he need to employ Sakon?
The
answer to that question can be seen through the fact that the walls of the
castle were rough and unpainted. He was not trying to show off by building a
glamorous castle. It is easy to see that he simply already had combat on his
mind, and therefore was thinking practically.
Mitsunari
had much ambition. The construction of Sawayama castle was in 1596, a few years
before the death of Hideyoshi. Both Mitsunari and Sakon had a hand in designing
the castle. You could say it was a collaborative effort, but while they were
working on the castle, they had a discussion about the possible death of the
Taiko, Hideyoshi. “If he were to die, his son, Mr. Hideyori is still very
young. It could cause disruption in the lands. There would likely be a battle
to decide a new heir. And our flag would have to be flying right in the middle
of it.” Such was the overflowing ambition of Ishida Mitsunari from Sawayama
castle.
When
Sakon first saw Mitsunari when he showed up at his hermitage in Takamiya county
to request his service, his impression was that Mitsunari was very young. He
was pale, wide eyed with long dark eyelashes. He was short. A small man.
At first, he thought that
Hideyoshi might be using Mitsunari in a “romantic” way, but the more he thought
about it, he realized that probably wasn’t the case. “He does have a commanding
air about him,” Sakon thought. Sakon was oddly intrigued by Mitsunari’s personality.
And so, Mitsunari’s charm
had persuaded him, “I will do for you what I can.”
As the years rolled by,
Mitsunari was now 39 years old. His face had not changed very much however. He
was an adult sized version of his younger self. His arrogance had slightly
grown as well. An arrogant man with the face of a child. He was not very
charming and people did not take to him well. Sakon had thought it interesting
that he had at one time been charming, but was now making many enemies.
On some occasions, Sakon
would try to advise Mitsunari on his behavior. One winter day, Mitsunari was at
Osaka castle while it was under repair. He was with his colleague,
administrator and Danjō-shōhitsu4, Asano Nagamasa. They had built up
a bonfire. Mitsunari stood by, his head draped in a hood.
“Jibu-Shōyū,” Nagamasa
called Mitsunari by his rank.
“Yes?”
“You might want to remove
your hood, as we are expecting a visitor from Edo (Ieyasu)”
Mitsunari simply kept his
gaze upon the fire, pretending he did not hear Nagamasa. Nagamasa himself was
on good terms with Ieyasu, but as for Mitsunari, there was no one who disliked
Ieyasu more than he.
However, Ieyasu
controlled over 2 million 550 thousand koku, he was the head of the council of
5 elders, and he ranked higher than the lords of the Toyotomi clan. His rank
compared to Mitsunari’s put him above the clouds. Thus, removing his hood would
have been the mature thing to do, but Mitsunari acted as more of a blunt child
in that all he could think about was how much he hated Ieyasu.
“Can you not hear me?”
Nagamasa was asking nicely at first, but having been completely ignored, was
now irritated.
At that moment, Ieyasu
arrived at the castle with a large number of comrades. With anger, Nagamasa
snatched the hood from Mitsunari’s head. “I’m talking about this,” he said as
he threw it into the fire. But, Mitsunari, pretending not to notice, continued
to stare into the flames.
What with the such rumors
of Mitsunari being childish, from that point on, Sakon no longer cared to try
and advise him.
There was another
incident when something like this occurred, however. It was at the construction
site of Hōkōji-temple in Kyō (Kyōto). On Hideyoshi’s orders, Ieyasu, Mitsunari
and others had been sent there to do an inspection. Mitsunari held a bamboo
rod, which he used for giving orders on the construction site. Suddenly the rod
clanked as he dropped it.
Ieyasu picked it up and
handed it to him, but without saying anything Mitsunari swiftly turned and
walked in the other direction. The other people who were there held their
breath in anticipation of what might happen. Ieyasu deliberately kept his face
expressionless, and slowly made his way off in another direction. So, the situation
ended without incident.
Sakon scolded Mitsunari
when he heard about this. “You are like a child. Such an attitude is unacceptable.”
“Sakon, you say I am like
a child, but that is unreasonable. It has merely been my nature since I was a
child not to put up with detestable people. I am incapable of forcing a fake
smile.”
“Do you know what people
say about you throughout the land? The say that you are arrogant.”
“I did not know that.”
Mitsunari tilted his head
in doubt. This gesture, from Sakon’s perspective only made Mitsunari look less mature.
Mitsunari only behaved as a kind of spoiled child when in front of Sakon, with
whom he felt comfortable and got along with well.
“You did say that it has
been your nature ‘since you were a child,’ correct? Well, you are no longer a child,
are you? On the contrary, you are in favor with the Taiko (Hideyoshi) as a
member of the Go-Bugyō, and you are even able to order around lords.”
“And so?”
“Because of your innocent
nature, it merely comes off as though you are pouting. It comes off as though
you are spoiled by the power you have gained from the Toyotomi clan.”
“Hmpf” Mitsunari huffed
through his nose. This was a habit of Mitsunari’s. And, depending on the time
and place, such a habit could obviously anger some people.
“That is a poor attitude
to have,” said Sakon through a bitter smile, while looking at Mitsunari’s well
shaped nose. It is rare for a man to affect so many grudges through such simple
means.
“Wait a minute Sakon, I
shall have my say as well,” Mitsunari said defiantly. Mitsunari was prone to a
sharp logic. Of course, being overly logical can also earn one the grudges of
others. “What do you think this mysterious Ieyasu has been up to lately?
Because I have heard that he has been secretly donating money to the Imperial
court.”
This was true. Even
though Hideyoshi was still alive, Ieyasu anticipated his death, and gifted the
Imperial court two sets of Hakucho5 and ten plates of gold via an
ordinary man, named Shirojiro Chaya. He was preparing for when he took control
of the country. Even if you were able to take control by force, without the
Imperial court under your thumb as well, that power would soon slip from your
grasp. This was well known. This is why Nobunaga and even Hideyoshi also made
donations to the court.
“Hideyoshi’s body has
become weak. And that bastard knows it.” Mitsunari said about Ieyasu. “He is
looking to use his death as an opportunity to kill Hideyoshi’s son, Hideyori,
and take control for himself. It is not necessary for me to remove my hood for,
or say ‘thank you’ to such a conniving man.”
“I see.” A faint smile
shown on Sakon’s face. “But, you are not that way only with Ieyasu, but the
lords who are close to him as well. For instance, Katō Kiyomasa, Fukushima
Masanori, or Kuroda Nagamasa. You are on bad terms with them as well.
“Are you saying I should
be friends with everyone, Sakon?”
“And that would bother
you?” Sakon said with a wry smile. “In ancient times, it was said that a great
hero was equipped with three virtues: wisdom, eloquence and courage. With that
definition, you and Ieyasu could both be great Taikō. However,” Sakon
continued, “You will not change the world with only those three virtues.
Sometimes, things might not go in the direction you want them to. Not only
that, but sometimes, you may be under severe attack. Therefore, it is also
important to value the truth and reality of a situation.”
“Your point being?”
“That is a virtue that
even an infant should value; understanding the reality of things.”
“Sakon,” Mitsunari bore a
closed expression. “That is no good for me. People’s inherent weaknesses cannot
be fixed. Rather than suffering to try and change such weaknesses, one should
look for the advantages they might have.”
“That’s
correct,” Sakon said, merely to appease Mitsunari. “However, I am not speaking
about something so deep and complicated. I am merely saying that if someone
picks up something for you, you should just smile and nod. Especially if that
someone is Ieyasu.”
Mitsunari’s
back and forth with Sakon ended there, but this “Bamboo rod incident” had a
surprisingly large ripple effect. When Ieyasu’s vassals heard of it, they made
a huge fuss and said that they would cut down Mitsunari. However, Ieyasu’s
chief strategist, Honda Masanobu, quelled this outrage. He admonished them
saying, “You must not kill, for killings sake. And, if you were to cut him
down, it should be in the name of your clan. The day for that will come. It
would be short sighted to kill him now. If you act thoughtlessly it would be unfavorable
for this house.”
Masanobu
said this however, not knowing about the bamboo rod incident.
That
night, Masanobu made his way to Ieyasu’s sleeping quarters to find out how true
the story was. Masanobu was permitted in such areas. It was the place from
which Ieyasu and Masanobu always made their plans.
“So,
what do you think, Masanobu?” Which was something Ieyasu could not answer
simply. Ieyasu and Masanobu’s conversations usually went like this.
“We
should probably kill Mitsunari.”
“When?” Ieyasu
replied with a light-hearted demeanor.
“After Taikō Hideyoshi’s
death.”
“How long after
his death.” Their conversation continued to volley like this.
“His son will
likely raise up an army in an effort to protect his mother. Before then would
be a good time to strike.”
“We would need to act fast before too
many conspirators rise up.”
“Yes,
that would not play into our hand very well,” he said with a grotesque laugh.
They shook hands and brought an end to their mock meeting. Masanobu was always
thinking far ahead, but always made sure to give Ieyasu the final word.
Rather
than servant and master, they were more like a couple of rebellious friends. In
fact, Honda Masanobu was 4 years older than Ieyasu. The two of them were like
friends. Masanobu was originally a falconer. When he was younger, he was part
of the Ikko sect6, and was even a part of an uprising against Ieyasu
once. But, that was now water under the bridge.
In Mikawa there were many
warriors at Ieyasu’s disposal, but he was lucky enough to have a strategist amongst
his servants who was roughly the same age as him, and who he could consider a
friend. Masanobu himself was a Jūgoi-Shimo7, and controlled 22
thousand koku in Sagami Amanawa, Sadokami region (near present day Ōfuna).
Ōkubo Tadachika the head
of Odawara castle, had been ensnared and removed from power by Masanobu. And so
in the essays of Ōkubo Hikozaemon (a member of Terakihi’s clan, whose real name
Ōkubo Tadakata) which were called “The Mikawa Stories”, he wrote about Masanobu
stating, “Masanobu of Sadokami, after only three years since the fall of the Ōkubo
clan, contracted syphilis. His face became deformed, he lost all his teeth and
died. His son, Masazumi, was then stripped of all power. He got what he
deserved for what he did to Tadachika.”
Anyhow, whatever kind of
person he was, it can be said at least that he was a good strategist.
Notes
1: Shachihoko: An animal from Japanese myth with the
head of a tiger and the body of a carp. It was said to bring about rainfall,
and so for prosperity, castles and temples often had Shachihoko figures on
their roofs.
2: Honmaru etc.: These are the names for different
walls of a Japanese castle. For instance, the Honmaru is the innermost/core
section of the caste. There are a few different standard arrangements for these
walls, and Sawayama basically had the Honmaru at the center surrounded concentrically
by the other walls.
3: Ken: An old Japanese unit for measuring length. 1
ken is about 6ft 7in.
4: Danjō-shōhitsu: A rank in the military at that
time.
5: Hakucho: An old type of Japanese “uniform”. A set
of white clothes.
6: Ikko sect: Or a literal translation of “Ikkō-shū”
being “Single-minded school”, was a militant off-shoot of Jōdo
Shinshū Buddhism.
7: Jūgoi-Shimo: A rank in the military of the time.